What it is

 Vitamin D (D₂ or D₃) is fat-soluble, stored in body tissues. Many people  supplement it for bone health, immune support etc.

How it harms

• High  vitamin D → hypercalcaemia (too much calcium in blood) → deposition of calcium in renal tubules → kidney stones, nephrocalcinosis, impaired kidney function.

• Liver: excessive vitamin D means higher workload in the liver for metabolising, and calcium overload can harm hepatic microcirculation. Also, fat-soluble vitamins in excess generally burden the liver.

Key risk factors

• High‐dose supplementation without monitoring (e.g., > 4,000 IU/day for adults unless supervised).

• Poor kidney function (makes dealing with calcium harder).

• Using vitamin D plus high calcium intake or other supplements that raise calcium.

How to protect yourself

• Get your vitamin D blood level measured before high-dose use.

• Use only the dose recommended by your doctor.

• Monitor calcium, kidney function, and watch for kidney stone history.

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